Focusing on Fixable Causes Rather Than Blaming the Truck Driver
Challenge
Many of us investigate accidents that the cause seems intuitively obvious: the person involved just “goofed up.” And what is the natural corrective action for this type of problem? Because they are to blame, the most frequent corrective actions are a warning, a reprimand, or some other kind of punishment.
We hoped that for most accidents there was more to the causes than just simple human error. Why did we hope this? Because we wanted to improve performance and if “to err is human,” then we needed to find fixable causes beyond human error so that we could make improvements to the system and thereby get improved performance.
The following is an example of a typical accident that on the surface seems to be a simple human error. However, by using TapRooT® we found system causes that, when corrected, will help us prevent similar accidents.
Accident
A truck carrying 30 tons of steel rolled over while rounding a corner. The load spilled next to and under an NGL (natural gas liquid) pipeline. The truck driver was uninjured. Obviously, this accident could have been much worse.
The natural assumption for an accident of this type on the North Slope is that either the driver was traveling too fast or the driver ran off onto a soft shoulder. Our challenge was to find out what really happened and how it could be effectively prevented in the future.
Accident Investigation
The only witness to the accident was the truck driver. Therefore to find out what really happened, it was essential to have his complete cooperation. Therefore we started out by explaining to him that we were going to draw a simple chart (an Events & Causal Factors Chart) to lay out the complete sequence of what happened. That we would start out by letting him tell us in his own words what happened from start to finish. Then, once he was finished we would draw the chart and ask questions. He seemed very comfortable with the approach so we continued.
The result of using this simple process (part of the TapRooT System) was amazing to both of us (the two investigators). The more he talked the more we realized how little we really knew about what had occurred.
After the truck driver completely told us his story and we started to draw up the E&CF Chart and ask him questions, it became obvious to us that the driver felt that he was completely responsible for the accident and that he wanted to help us so that we could keep similar accidents from happening to other drivers.The driver told us that he had a minor breakdown and was concerned about being a little late. So he called his boss on his cell phone. When he hung up the phone he realized that he was in the middle of a sharp corner. He jerked the wheel to stay on the road. Jerking the wheel caused the load to shift (it wasn’t properly secured). The sudden shifting of the load caused the truck to flip.
We focused on two factors: the distractions that caused the driver to not fully be aware of the curve until he was already well into it and the shifting of the load that led to the truck flipping.
Our first concern was cell phone usage while driving. We looked into the problem and found that 14 states and numerous countries have pending legislation regarding the use of cell phones in moving vehicles. Developing a policy preventing the use of cellular telephones by the driver of a moving vehicle is not a popular idea on the North Slope or elsewhere. Rather than fix this problem, there are those who would much rather simply blame the driver, dismiss him, and get back to business as usual. But this wouldn’t solve the problem. So we are going to move ahead with a recommendation to not allow the use of cell phones by the driver of a moving vehicle and to raise awareness of this hazard (as is the Alaska Truckers Association).
Our second concern was the improperly secured load. Our roads on the North Slope are non-DOT regulated. We found that the drivers had no guidance or formal training for securing loads on our type of roads. Therefore many loads were not “properly” secured because the guidelines for properly securing a load had not been developed. Therefore we are going to develop guidance for properly securing loads on the North Slope’s non-DOT regulated roads.
Results
Was this incident a simple human error? Our answer is that there was much more to it than that.
On the North Slope vehicle accidents have been the leading cause of fatalities. Investigations that look for correctable causes (like inappropriate cell phone usage and improperly secured loads) and get corrective actions implemented will help us reduce hazards and improve our vehicle safety record.
As for the truck driver, he was not fired. His employer recognizes that he is a valuable asset to his company. And he is one of the people in his organization that is helping raise awareness of the hazards of cell phone usage by drivers.
